OVERVIEW: The Switchgear and Protection Lab is an advanced, industrial-grade educational and analytical training system developed to provide comprehensive practical knowledge in power system operation, switchgear mechanisms, fault analysis, and protection coordination. Designed for engineering universities, polytechnic institutes, and power training centers, this laboratory module enables learners to study, test, configure, and analyze modern protection systems within a fully integrated power network environment. Integrated with a real-time SCADA system and PC interface, the module allows users to visualize single-line diagrams, monitor electrical parameters, record protection events, and analyze fault behavior digitally. This system effectively bridges the gap between conventional protection theory and modern smart-grid monitoring technologies. FEATURES Industrial-grade modular design for real-world power system simulation. Complete switchgear and relay protection coordination
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Power Unit:
Key lock security system with Lock/Unlock indicator. MCCB & RCCB for main protection. Emergency stop switch with audible siren alarm. Safety interlocked power-on sequence (Key ? MCCB ? RCCB ? ON indicator).
AC & DC Power Supply Unit
Input Power: 415V AC, Three Phase, 4-Wire.
Output Power: Variable AC: 0–240V/415V, 5A (±5%).
Fixed AC: 415V, 10A (±5%).
Variable DC: 0–240V, 5A (±5%).
Fixed DC: 240V, 5A (±5%).
Protection: Overload, short-circuit, and fuse-protected outputs.
Synchronization System
Power Synchronizing with Synchroscope for generator–grid synchronization studies.
Machines
Synchronous Motor/Generator: Motor: 1 HP, 1400 r/min, 415V, 1.5A.
Generator: 622VA, 1400r/min, 415V, 0.17A, 3-Phase.
Three-Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor: Rating: 1HP, 1400r/min, 415V, 1.5A.
Measurement Units
AC Voltage measurement. AC Current measurement. DC Voltage measurement. DC Current measurement.
Multifunction Power Meter (3-phase, 4-wire): Displays Voltage (VL–N/VL–L), Current, Power (W, VA, var), Energy (Wh), Power Factor, and Frequency.
All parameters integrated to SCADA for live data display, logging, and analysis.
Protection Systems
Digital Voltage Protection Relay (Over/Under voltage).
Digital Frequency Protection Relay (Over/Under frequency).
Phase Fault Protection Relay.
Thermal Overload Protection Relay.
Reverse Power Protection Relay.
Differential Relay.
Timing Switching System for sequence-based testing.
HRC and Cartridge Fuse Units.
MCB and Circuit Breaker Units.
Bus Bar System (4EA)
Magnetic Contactor Unit. Direct-On-Line (DOL) Starter Unit.
Load Units
Resistive Load: 252W, 240V, 50Hz.
Inductive Load: 252VAR, 240V, 50Hz.
Capacitive Load: 252VAR, 240V, 50Hz.
Line Voltage Selection Switch.
Load values and performance monitored in real-time via SCADA.
Transformer Units
Current Transformer (CT).
Voltage Transformer (PT).
Switching and Distribution Units
Circuit Breaker Unit.
Selector and Changeover Switches.
Power Distribution Simulation Unit for bus and feeder arrangements.
Relay Function Unit for multi-protection studies.
SCADA SYSTEM
Displays single-line diagrams, voltage, current, frequency, power, power factor, relay status, and protection events.
Data Acquisition & Communication
Modbus RTU/TCP / Ethernet communication.
Interface between relays/meters and PC.
SCADA Functions
Real-time measurement display (V, I, W, PF, Hz).
Alarm, fault, and trip event logging with timestamps.
Trend analysis of power and protection parameters.
Relay status monitoring and manual/automatic breaker control.
Historical data storage for performance comparison.
SCADA DEVICE (DESKTOP COMPUTER):
Dedicated SCADA Workstation for DAS & Control:
Processor: Intel Core i5 11th gen or later
RAM: 16 GB DDR4-3200 (expandable to 64 GB)
Storage: 512 NVMe SSD
Software: (OS, SCADA software, database, logs)
Monitor: 22? Full HD IPS;
Communication System: USB, Serial (RS-232/RS-485), Ethernet (Modbus/IEC 61850 support).
UPS: 650VA, 20–30 min backup for safe SCADA shutdown
EXPERIMENTS
Characteristic experiment of Overcurrent Protection.
Characteristic experiment of Under and Over Voltage Protection.
Characteristic experiment of Frequency Protection.
Characteristic experiment of Phase Fault Protection.
Characteristic experiment of Overload (Thermal) Protection.
Characteristic experiment of Fuse Protection.
Characteristic experiment of Power Distribution System.
Power Distribution System with Various Protection Devices.
Experiment on Conventional Current and Voltage Interlock Protection.
Experiment on Three-Phase Primary Reclosing Mechanism.
Experiment on Synchronous Motor–Generator Power Generation System.
Power Generation, Distribution, and Protection Experiment.
Load Characteristic Study with Resistive, Inductive, and Capacitive Loads.
Generator and Grid Power Synchronization Experiment.
Differential Relay Characteristic Experiment.
Reverse Power Protection Relay Characteristic Experiment.
SCADA-Based Real-Time Monitoring and Fault Analysis.
SCADA Data Logging and Trend Study of Protection Events.
Alarm, Trip, and Protection Coordination through SCADA Interface.
